Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0
Author-Name: Chia-Lin Chang
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Applied Economics Department of Finance National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan.
Author-Name:
 Michael McAleer
Author-Workplace-Name:Department of Quantitative Finance National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan and Econometric Institute Erasmus School of 
	Economics Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands and Department of Quantitative Economics Complutense University of 
	Madrid, Spain And Institute of Advanced Sciences Yokohama National University, Japan.
Author-Name: 
Ju-Ting Tang
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Applied Economics National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan.
Title: Joint and Cross-border Patents as Proxies for International Technology Diffusion
Abstract: With the advent of globalization, economic and financial interactions among countries have become widespread. Given 
	technological advancements, the factors of production can no longer be considered to be just labor and capital. In the 
	pursuit of economic growth, every country has sensibly invested in international cooperation, learning, innovation, technology 
	diffusion and knowledge, and outward direct investment. In this paper, we use a panel data set of 40 countries from 1981 to 
	2008 and a negative binomial model, using a novel set of cross-border patents and joint patents as proxy variables for 
	technology diffusion, in order to investigate such diffusion. The empirical results suggest that, if it is desired to shift 
	from foreign to domestic technology, it is necessary to increase expenditure on R&D for business enterprises and higher 
	education, exports and technology. If the focus is on increasing bilateral technology diffusion, it is necessary to increase 
	expenditure on R&D for higher education and technology. It is also found that outward foreign direct investment has no 
	significant impact on either joint or cross-border patents, whereas inward foreign direct investment has a significant 
	negative impact on cross-border patents but no impact on joint patents. Moreover, government expenditure on higher education 
	has a significant impact on both cross-border and joint patents.
Classification-JEL: F14, F21, O30, O57.
Keywords: International technology diffusion, Exports, Imports, Joint patent, Cross-border patent, R&D, Negative binomial panel data.
Length: 55 pages 
Creation-Date: 2016-12
Number: 2017-02
X-File-Ref: http://america.sim.ucm.es/repec/ucm/ref/doicae1702.txt
File-URL: https://eprints.ucm.es/id/eprint/40903/1/1702.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:ucm:doicae:1702